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Local Heritage Study
Hawridge and Cholesbury Commons

Editor Lindsay Griffin

Read the Foreword
Download the study

- CONTENTS -

DEDICATION

MAPS & ILLUSTRATIONS

FOREWORD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

HISTORY OF COMMON LAND IN ENGLAND 1
Rights of Common 2
Land Title 2
Why Commons are Important 3

HAWRIDGE AND CHOLESBURY COMMONS 5
A Brief Outline 6
Ancient Forts 6
Geological Features 8
Man-made Hollows 8
Pounds 9
Archaeological Finds 9
Tracks 10
Memorials 10
Economic Uses 11
Poor Relief 11
An End to Grazing 12
Recreational Use 13
Major User Groups 14
- Walkers 14
- Horse-riders 14
- Cricket Club 15
The Role of the Lord of the Manors 16

HAWRIDGE AND CHOLESBURY COMMONS PRESERVATION SOCIETY 19

Founding Committee Members 20
Original Rules 20
Membership of the Society 21
Original Aims of the Society 21
Liaison with the Community 21
The Committee - a Communal Effort 22

The Chairmen - Recollections of their Terms of Office: 23
- Peter Knowles-Brown 23
- Alan Pallett 24

- Ron How 25
- Frank Sugden 26
- Windsor Thomas 26
- Oliver Parsons 27
- Rod Griffin 28
- Fletcher Nicholson 29
- David Barnard 32

MANAGEMENT OF THE COMMONS 35
Principles of Conservation Management 36
Development of Management Plans 37
Plan for 1989-94 38
Planning and Implementation from 1994 to present 39
The Future 40

FLORA AND FAUNA 41
Flora 42

- Changes over time 42
- Ferns and Mosses 42
- Sedges, Rushes and Grasses 43
- Herbs 45
- Climbers 51
- Trees and Shrubs 51
- Analysis 55
- Conclusions and Recommendations 55
- The Ponds 56
- Pond Flora 56
- Fungi 60

Fauna 62
- Mammals 62
- Birds 63
- Invertebrates 68
- Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies) 68
- Miscellaneous Insects (mainly Bugs, Hoppers, Aphids) 74
- Invertebrates around the pond 76
- Conclusions 77

Our Hopes for the Future 78

Sources of Reference and Further Reading 79

APPENDICES 81

Appendix I History of H&C Commons 81

Appendix IICholesbury Fort 82

Appendix III Commemorative Trees and Benches 84

Appendix IV Registration of Rights of Common 85

Appendix V Cholesbury - the parish that went bust 86

Appendix VI Cholesbury Poor Relief Records 87

Appendix VII Lords of the Manors 88

Appendix VIII H&C Commons Regulations 89

Appendix IX H&C Properties with Commons Rights 90

Appendix X H&CCPS Committee Members 92

Appendix XI The ponds 93

INDEX 97



FOREWORD to the study by Christine Stott

The initiative for this study came from a grant application from Hawridge and Cholesbury Commons Preservation Society (H&CCPS) to the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) which was made in January 2001 as a Local Heritage Initiative. The application included an education programme, practical management works and a course to improve the skills of local volunteers in the use of chainsaws. Chris Woodley-Stewart, the Countryside Officer of the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), suggested that a written study emphasising the importance of the Commons and promoting their heritage value might also be included. A proposal for this study was therefore incorporated in the grant application which was successful. The Society greatly appreciates the money which the Heritage Lottery Fund has provided since it has enabled work to go ahead which might otherwise have been hard to finance and it has enabled the Society to widen its vision of what it can do.

Lindsay Griffin was asked to co-ordinate the written study and she has consulted the H&CCPS committee, its membership past and present and other local organisations to bring the document together.

This study has provided an excellent opportunity to review the history of the Commons over the years and to document changes in management strategies in more recent times. We hope that it will provide our members and other interested people with information about the Commons, record the contribution of many local people to their maintenance and encourage further community involvement in preserving a valuable local resource. Although we intended to include a history of the local community in this study we now realise that it will take much longer to complete this section. Much of the work is under way and will be made available as a separate, loose-leaf document. It is intended to produce what we have to date, even though it is very much a work in progress, in the hope that it will stimulate further local interest. Further additions will be made as they become available. The planned wider study will include interviews with older and long-standing residents, further histories of individual houses on and around the Commons, and records of our public buildings and of our local clubs and organisations. The Commons are not only home to flora and fauna but also to a rich mix of human beings who all have different memories and different experiences to record. Families whose names crop up in records of the parishes several hundred years ago live side-by-side with those who have been here for only two or three generations, and those who have come much more recently. We hope that this study is only the beginning and that we can go some way to recording a cross-section of their activities and endeavours. It is also hoped that we can make use of our local web-site www.cholesbury.com to share information that we find.


Christine Stott
Lord of the Manors and President of the Hawridge and Cholesbury
Commons Preservation Society

Christine Stott


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